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In the context of processing with possible automated decision-making, an assessment of the degree of human involvement is required, which involves assessing both the system used and the processing and its context. To this end, it is recommended to assess a person's participation in the decision...

Synthetic data is artificially generated data, in contrast to real data which is gathered from reality. A no-real data set, to be labelled like synthetic data, should preserves the characteristics and properties of the real data for a specific use case. Synthetic data could be used in the...

We have been using electronic money for quite some time, understood as any monetary value stored by electronic means for payment transactions. Electronic banking and electronic payment services are regulated at both European and national level, however, with advances in technology, innovative forms...

An AI system, or several AI systems, could be means selected by a controller to implement personal data operations of a processing activity. It is key to understand that the final purpose of a processing activity is different from the means selected and performed to implement such processing. Indeed...

Metaverses aim to extend the social networking experience far beyond the visual aspect or 3D graphics. The metaverse engages the user in multiple dimensions, such as social, economic, political or emotional, to the point of virtualizing all aspects of the development of an individual, and extends...

When we install a new app on our mobile device or access a service on a website for the first time we often have to create a user account in order to do so. As an alternative, more services are increasingly offering the possibility of registering using our Google, Apple, Instagram, TikTok, Twitter...

The use of encryption or encryption techniques or cryptographic techniques is a basic security element in the information policy of an agency and, more precisely, it is one of the additional guarantees that may be used to reduce the risk in personal data processing.